In order to develop the skills and capacity in endurance athletics such as long-distance running, open water swimming and cycling, digital technologies have become an increasingly important aspect during practice and racing.

Heart-rate monitoring, watt-power meters, GPS-based distance measurement are among the core technologies that has opened up a wast field of opportunities in learning more about how to further develop as an athlete. Today, amateur athletes are able to track, analyse and adapt their training in similar ways as professional athletes. 

There are some great research studies and peer-reviewed papers that cover different aspects of this development. Some of the papers are descriptive and explain how technologies has become a vital part of the sport, other papers suggest new technical possibilities.

Düking, P., Hotho, A., Holmberg, H. C., Fuss, F. K., & Sperlich, B. (2016). Comparison of non-invasive individual monitoring of the training and health of athletes with commercially available wearable technologies. Frontiers in physiology, 7, 71.

Fister Jr, I., Ljubič, K., Suganthan, P. N., Perc, M., & Fister, I. (2015). Computational intelligence in sports: challenges and opportunities within a new research domain. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 262, 178-186.

Hassan, M., Daiber, F., Wiehr, F., Kosmalla, F., & Krüger, A. (2017). Footstriker: An EMS-based foot strike assistant for running. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 1(1), 2.

Ianella, F., & Morandini, A. (2017). Digital innovation in the sport industry: the case of athletic performance.

Lee, V. R., & Drake, J. (2013). Digital physical activity data collection and use by endurance runners and distance cyclists. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 18(1-2), 39-63.

Lee, V. R., & DuMont, M. (2010). An exploration into how physical activity data-recording devices could be used in computer-supported data investigations. International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning, 15(3), 167-189.

Malkinson, T. (2009, September). Current and emerging technologies in endurance athletic training and race monitoring. In Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH), 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference (pp. 581-586). IEEE.

Nylander, S., Tholander, J., Mueller, F., & Marshall, J. (2014). HCI and sports. CHI’14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 115-118.

Temir, E., O’Kane, A. A., Marshall, P., & Blandford, A. (2016, May). Running: A Flexible Situated Study. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2906-2914). ACM.

Tholander, J., & Nylander, S. (2015, April). Snot, sweat, pain, mud, and snow: Performance and experience in the use of sports watches. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2913-2922). ACM.

Wakefield, B., Neustaedter, C., & Hillman, S. (2014). The informatics needs of amateur endurance athletic coaches. CHI’14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2287-2292.

Woźniak, P., Knaving, K., Björk, S., & Fjeld, M. (2015, August). RUFUS: remote supporter feedback for long-distance runners. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (pp. 115-124). ACM.